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A Learning Objective merges required content with one or more of the seven Science Practices. The Learning Objectives listed in the Curriculum Framework provide a transparent foundation for the AP ® Biology course, an inquiry-based laboratory experience, instructional activities, and AP ® exam questions. Information presented and the examples highlighted in the section support concepts outlined in Big Idea 3 of the AP ® Biology Curriculum Framework. However, questions emerge from these technologies including the safety of GMOs and privacy issues. Genetic testing identifies disease-causing genes, and gene therapy can be used to treat or cure an inheritable disease.
#Chapter 17 bio study guide answers code
(It is important to remind ourselves that recombinant technology is possible because the genetic code is universal, and the processes of transcription and translation are fundamentally the same in all organisms.) Cloning produces genetically identical copies of DNA, cells, or even entire organisms (reproductive cloning). Transgenic bacteria, agricultural plants such as corn and rice, and farm animals produce protein products such as hormones and vaccines that benefit humans. Recombinant DNA technology can combine DNA from different sources using bacterial plasmids or viruses as vectors to carry foreign genes into host cells, resulting in genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Short sequences of DNA or RNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size (base pair length) by gel electrophoresis. Nucleic acids can be isolated from cells for analysis by lysing cell membranes and enzymatically destroying all other macromolecules. However, manipulation of DNA comes with social and ethical responsibilities, raising questions about its appropriate uses.
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Comparative genomics yields new insights into relationships among species, and DNA sequences reveal our personal genetic make-up. Biotechnologies also have been used to produce insulin, hormones, antibiotics, and medicine that dissolve blood clots. Manipulation of DNA by humans has resulted in bacteria that can protect plants from insect pests and restore ecosystems. We likely have eaten genetically modified foods and are familiar with how DNA analysis is used to solve crimes. What are examples of uses of biotechnology in medicine and agriculture?ĭid you eat cereal for breakfast or tomatoes in your dinner salad? Do you know someone who has received gene therapy to treat a disease such as cancer? Should your school, health insurance provider, or employer have access to your genetic profile? Understanding how DNA works has allowed scientists to recombine DNA molecules, clone organisms, and produce mice that glow in the dark.What is the difference between molecular and reproductive cloning?.What are examples of basic techniques used to manipulate genetic material (DNA and RNA)?.In this section, you will explore the following questions: